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AMA Citation Formatting: Reference List

This concise guide will show you how to cite sources in accordance with AMA (10th ed). For complete details on using AMA, refer to the latest manual.

General Rule

The References section lists all your cited works numerically in the order they appear in the text of your article.

Reference Style

Period

The bibliographic elements in a reference are treated as groups and divided with periods.

Author(s). Article title. Journal Name. Year;vol(issue No.):inclusive pages.

Comma

Commas separate elements within a group, such as multiple authors

Hyduk A, Croft JB, Tokarz D.

Semicolon

Between Year and vol/issue data

2004;164(12)

Colon

Between title and subtitle, before publisher's name, and after connective phrases (eg. "In")

Injury: A Leading Cause of the Global Burden

Glenview, IL: American Pain Society

In: Virus Res. 2001...

Example of References List

In the following excerpt from a journal article, this is how the cited works would appear in the References list:


Type 2 diabetes in normal-weight adults is an understudied representation of the metabolically obese normal-weight phenotype1 that has become increasingly common over time.2 It is not known whether the “obesity paradox” that has been observed in chronic diseases such as heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension extends to adults who are normal weight at the time of incident diabetes.3 5 In 2 contemporary studies, the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) study6 and the PROactive trial,7 participants ....

 

REFERENCES

1. Ruderman NB, Schneider SH, Berchtold P. The “metabolically-obese,” normal-weight individual. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981;34(8):1617-1621.

2. Gregg EW, Cadwell BL, Cheng YJ, et al. Trends in the prevalence and ratio of diagnosed to undiagnosed diabetes according to obesity levels in the US. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(12):2806-2812.

3. Lavie CJ, Milani RV, Ventura HO, Romero-Corral A. Body composition and heart failure prevalence and prognosis: getting to the fat of the matter in the “obesity paradox.” Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85(7):605-608.

4. Uretsky S, Messerli FH, Bangalore S, et al. Obesity paradox in patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease. Am J Med. 2007;120(10):863-870.

5. Schmidt D, Salahudeen A. The obesity-survival paradox in hemodialysis patients: why do overweight hemodialysis patients live longer? Nutr Clin Pract. 2007; 22(1):11-15.

6. McEwen LN, Kim C, Karter AJ, et al. Risk factors for mortality among patientswith diabetes: the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) Study. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(7):1736-1741.

7. Doehner W, Erdmann E, Cairns R, et al. Inverse relation of body weight and weight change with mortality and morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular co-morbidity: an analysis of the PROactive study population [published online October 29, 2011]. Int J Cardiol.